Kusiyanitsa kwakuya kwa mpweya wa cryogenic ndi njira yomwe imalekanitsa mpweya, nayitrogeni ndi mpweya wina kuchokera mumlengalenga pogwiritsa ntchito teknoloji yotsika kwambiri. Monga njira yapamwamba yopangira gasi m'mafakitale, kulekanitsa kwakuya kwa mpweya wa cryogenic kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga zitsulo, uinjiniya wamankhwala, ndi zamagetsi. Mapangidwe a zida zolekanitsa mpweya wathunthu wa cryogenic amafunikira osati kulondola kwaukadaulo kokha komanso kutsata miyezo yamakampani ndi zofunika zamakasitomala kuti zitsimikizire kugwira ntchito mokhazikika komanso phindu lachuma. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza zofunikira pamapangidwe a zida zonse zakuya za cryogenic zolekanitsa mpweya, zomwe zikukhudzana ndi mapangidwe apamwamba, mfundo zaumisiri, ndi kusamala pakugwiritsa ntchito.
1. Kupanga zofunika zofunika
Pamene akukonzekera wathunthu akuzama cryogenic mpweya olekanitsa zida, woyamba zofunika zofunika kutsimikiza monga mphamvu yopanga, zinthu mpweya yaiwisi, mankhwala chiyero ndi kuchuluka, etc. Malinga ndi minda ntchito zosiyanasiyana, mphamvu yopanga wathunthu akuzama cryogenic mpweya kupatukana zida zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri, zambiri kuyambira mazana mpaka zikwi zikwi za kiyubiki mamita pa ola. Kuonjezera apo, zonyansa mumlengalenga wakuda, monga chinyezi ndi carbon dioxide, ziyenera kuchotsedwa kupyolera mu sitepe yokonzekera chithandizo kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zipangizo zimatha kuchita ntchito zozama za cryogenic pansi pazikhalidwe zokhazikika komanso zosasokonezeka. Choncho, mapangidwe a dongosolo lachidziwitso chisanakhalepo ayenera kuganizira mozama momwe mpweya wa m'deralo uliri ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo.
2. Zolinga zamapangidwe a dongosolo
Kapangidwe ka zida zakuya za cryogenic zolekanitsa mpweya kumaphatikizapo machitidwe angapo ofunikira, kuphatikiza makina opondereza, makina osinthira kutentha, dongosolo lolekanitsa nsanja ndi distillation system. Mapangidwe a makina oponderezedwa ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya wabwino ndi wodalirika uyenera kulekanitsa kwambiri cryogenic. Kutentha kwa kutentha ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zomwe zimatsimikizira kukwaniritsidwa kwa ndondomeko yakuya ya cryogenic, yomwe imafunika kutentha kwakukulu. Nthawi zambiri, osinthanitsa kutentha kwa mbale-fin amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha kumayendetsedwa bwino komanso kuyenda kwa gasi kofanana. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mapangidwe a nsanja yolekanitsa ndi distillation system amayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za chiyero cha gasi wa mankhwala, kotero kusankha kwa kulongedza, ma tray ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa ndondomeko ya distillation ndizofunikira kwambiri. Mu distillation nsanja, zigawo zosiyanasiyana za gasi zimalekanitsidwa bwino kudzera mukusinthana kwa kutentha kobwerezabwereza ndi njira zotulutsa mpweya wa condensation, kupanga mpweya wabwino kwambiri, nayitrogeni kapena mpweya wa argon.
3. Makina opangira ndi owongolera
Kuwongolera makina ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakupanga makina olekanitsa mpweya wa cryogenic. Zida zamakono zolekanitsa mpweya wa cryogenic nthawi zambiri zimaphatikiza makina owongolera kuti athe kuwongolera bwino magawo monga kutentha, kuthamanga ndi kuyenda. Izi sizimangochepetsa kwambiri zovuta zogwirira ntchito komanso zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo ndi bata ladongosolo. Dongosolo lowongolera njira nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) ndi DCS (Distributed Control System), zomwe zimasonkhanitsa magawo ofunikira munthawi yeniyeni kuti aziwongolera komanso kukhathamiritsa, kuonetsetsa kuti zidazo zikugwira ntchito mokhazikika pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yolemetsa. Kuti athane ndi zovuta zadzidzidzi, makina owongolera amafunikanso kukhala ndi luso lozindikira zolakwika, lotha kuzindikira mwachangu zovuta zomwe zingachitike ndikutengera njira zofananira.
4. Malingaliro opulumutsa mphamvu ndi kuteteza chilengedwe
Kupulumutsa mphamvu ndikofunikira pakupanga zida zakuya za cryogenic zolekanitsa mpweya. Mapangidwe abwino a ma compressor ndi osinthanitsa kutentha amathandizira kwambiri kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, kubwezeretsa kutentha kwa zinyalala ndi njira yodziwika yopulumutsira mphamvu, yomwe imatha kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa zinyalala kuchokera mufiriji kuti ipereke thandizo lamagetsi pazinthu zina, potero kumapangitsa kuti mphamvu zonse zigwiritsidwe ntchito bwino. Pankhani ya chitetezo cha chilengedwe, mapangidwe olekanitsa mpweya wa cryogenic akuyenera kuganizira mozama mavuto omwe angawononge chilengedwe popanga, monga kuipitsidwa kwa phokoso ndi mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Panthawi yopangira, chithandizo cha kutchinjiriza kwamamvekedwe komanso mapulani oyenera opangira mpweya wotulutsa mpweya ayenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti akwaniritse malamulo oteteza chilengedwe komanso zofunikira.
5. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama komanso kusankha zipangizo
Kuwunika kwamtengo wapatali kwa zida zonse zakuya za cryogenic zolekanitsa mpweya zimakhudza mwachindunji mapangidwe ake ndi kusankha. Pansi pa zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zopangira, kusankha ndi kukula kwa zida ziyenera kukhala zotsika momwe zingathere potengera mtengo wandalama woyamba komanso mtengo wogwirira ntchito. Kusankhidwa kwa zida zopangira, kusinthana kwa kutentha, mitundu ya compressor ndi njira zoyendetsera njira zonse ndizofunika kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza mtengo. Kusankhidwa koyenera kwa zida sikungochepetsa ndalama zoyambira komanso kumachepetsanso mtengo wokonza ndikugwiritsa ntchito pakapita nthawi, potero kumabweretsa phindu lalikulu pazachuma panthawi yopanga.
6. Pamalo Kukhazikitsa ndi Kutumiza
Mapangidwe a zida zakuya zakuya za cryogenic zolekanitsa mpweya sizimangokhalira kujambula; ikuyeneranso kuganizira zofunikira pakukhazikitsa ndi kutumiza ntchito pamalowo. Pa nthawi yoyikapo, kuyanjanitsa bwino kwa chigawo chilichonse kuyenera kuwonetseredwa kuti zisatayike polumikizira mapaipi. Panthawi yopereka ntchito, kuyang'anitsitsa bwino momwe ntchito ikugwiritsidwira ntchito pa dongosolo lililonse likufunika kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zipangizo zimagwira ntchito bwino. Chifukwa cha zovuta zakuya cryogenic mpweya zida kulekana, kutumidwa kawirikawiri ikuchitika ndi akatswiri akatswiri gulu, kuphatikizapo mayesero angapo ndi kusintha magawo monga mpweya chiyero, kupanikizika, ndi mlingo otaya, potsirizira pake kukwaniritsa zofunika kapangidwe ndi miyezo kasitomala.
Ndi kusintha kosalekeza kwa zofuna za mafakitale ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, mapangidwe a zida zolekanitsa mpweya wa cryogenic akukonzedwanso mosalekeza. Zida zamtsogolo zakuya za cryogenic zolekanitsa mpweya zidzatsindika kwambiri nzeru ndi kubiriwira. Poyambitsa matekinoloje apamwamba ozindikira komanso matekinoloje a Internet of Things (IoT), zidazi zimatha kuwunikira ndikuwongolera patali, ndipo zimatha kukhathamiritsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera. Kuonjezera apo, kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zatsopano, monga zipangizo zogwiritsira ntchito kutentha ndi zipangizo zochepetsera kutentha, zidzapititsa patsogolo ntchito ndi moyo wa zipangizo. Pankhani ya kusinthika kosalekeza kwa mphamvu yamagetsi, zida zakuya za cryogenic zolekanitsa mpweya zidzagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri popanga mphamvu zoyera monga hydrogen, zomwe zimathandizira kukwaniritsa cholinga cha carbon.
Pazofuna zilizonse za oxygen/nitrogen, chonde tithandizeni:
Anna Tel./Whatsapp/Wechat:+86-18758589723
Email :anna.chou@hznuzhuo.com
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-23-2025